Unless otherwise expressly stated in these sale terms and conditions or any other written agreement between the parties relating to the sale of Angus
cattle under these sale terms and conditions, seller makes no other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose, even if such purpose is known to the parties.
The remedies provided in these sale terms and conditions are the exclusive remedies of the buyer, or any party claiming through the buyer, and under
no circumstances will the seller be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, punitive or exemplary damages under any indemnity provi-
sion or otherwise.
Modified Suggested
Sale Terms and Conditions
American Angus Association • Effective February 18, 2009
For voluntary consideration and use by sellers in their independent business judgement.
as are agreed upon between the seller and the buyer); (c) injury
or diseas occurring aft the sale; and (d) gross negligence or
willful misconduct on the part of the buyer.
4. If a female sold as “safe in calf” proves not to be in calf, the
buyer may receive service from the bull previously used, if
available. If the bull is not available, the seller must make
Catalog designed and printed by
Kearney, NE · 308-234-2319
as are agreed upon between the seller and the buyer); (c) injury
or disease occurring after the sale; and (d) gross negligence or
willful misconduct on the part of the buyer.
3. “Safe-in-calf” females are guaranteed by the seller to have
been examined by a competent veterinarian and determined
to be in calf.
4. “Served” females are not guaranteed to be in calf.
5. “Pasture-bred” females have been exposed but are not
guaranteed to be in calf.
6. “Open” females have not been served and are guaranteed by
the seller to be without calf.
7. Donor females:
a. Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and the seller, a
female that has been used in an embryo transfer program
is not guaranteed to be a breeder after the date of the sale.
b. Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and the seller, a
female is not guaranteed to be a breeder after the date of
the sale, when that female is to be used, or attempted to
be used, in an embryo transfer program.
8. The seller makes the following guarantees with respect to
all “pregnant recipients”: (i) that the female is pregnant, (ii)
that the resulting calf is of the pedigree represented, and
(iii) that the resulting calf is of the sex represented (if so
represented).
Semen
1. Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and the seller, with
respect to the sale of semen the seller makes no guarantees
with respect to the performance or characteristics of such
semen and the buyer is purchasing such semen “as is.”
Embryos
Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and the seller, with
respect to the sale of embryos the seller makes no guarantees with
respect to the performance or characteristics of such embryos and
the buyer is purchasing such embryos “as is.”
Options and privileges of return or adjustment
1. Except as provided in paragraph 2 of this section, all claims
for adjustment or refund must be made in writing on or
before the later of (i) six months after the sale date and (ii)
the date on which the animal reaches 30 months of age.
2. All claims relating to the misrepresentation of service sire
and all claims relating to paragraphs 10 and 11 of this
section must be made in writing on or before the second
anniversary of the date of sale.
3. If an animal is claimed to be a non-breeder, the animal may
be returned to the seller if in good condition and complying
with the health requirements of the seller’s state. The seller
is entitled to six months trial following the return of the
animal in which to prove that the animal is a breeder. If at
the end of the six-month period the seller is unable to prove
the animal is a breeder, the seller must, at the option of the
buyer, replace the animal with another of equal value or
refund the purchase price. The return of the full purchase
price will be deemed full satisfaction and settlement. Any
expense incurred for transporting an animal claimed to be
a non-breeder will be the responsibility of the buyer, except
that the seller will be responsible for transportation costs
in excess of the distance between the buyer’s farm and the
location where the sale took place. If the seller proves the
animal to be a breeder, it will be the obligation of the buyer
to take delivery of the animal and pay all transportation
expenses.
4. If a female
buyer may
available. I
a satisfacto
buyer or, a
upon retu
adjustmen
seller from
to be a no
calf” to a c
bred to a d
adjustmen
buyer’s op
the animal
be conside
purchase
5. If a female
may retur
calving for
animal of
The Seller
6. Cows with
with no fu
7. White ski
painting o
the animal
full purch
whichever
8. If an anim
recipient)
eligible for
Angus Ass
adjustmen
option of t
return of t
9. If (i) an a
recipient)
have incor
of registrat
or (ii) the
sex represe
adjustmen
buyer’s op
the animal
10.Except as
transporta
of the buy
transporta
buyer’s far
Retention of g
1. Unless oth
buyer, the
animal (in
cloning.
DiScLOSURE
GENETic DEFE
The seller sh
any test results f
reflected on an a
represented).
Semen
1. Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and the seller, with
respect to the sale of semen the seller makes no guarantees
with respect to the performance or characteristics of such
semen and the buyer is purchasing such semen “as is.”
Embryos
Unless otherwise agr ed by the buyer and the seller, with
respect to the sale of embryos the seller makes no guarantees with
respect to the performance or characteristics of such embryos and
the buyer is purchasing such embryos “as is.”
Options and privileges of return or adjustment
1. Except as provided in paragraph 2 of this section, all claims
for adjustment or refund must be made in writing on or
before the later of (i) six months after the sale date and (ii)
the date on which the animal reaches 30 months of age.
2. All claims relating to the misrepresentation of service sire
and all claims relating to paragraphs 10 and 11 of this
secti n must be made in writing on or before the second
anniversary of the d te of sale.
3. If an animal is claimed to be a non-breeder, the animal may
be returned to the seller if in good condition and complying
with the health requirements of the seller’s stat . Th seller
is entitled to six months trial following the re urn of the
animal in which to prove that the animal is a br eder. If at
the nd of the six- onth period the seller is unable to prove
the animal is a breeder, the seller must, at the option of the
buye , replace the animal with nother of equal value or
refund the purchase price. The retu n of th full purchase
pr ce will b deemed ful satis action and s ttlement. Any
ex ense incurred for transporting an animal claimed to be
a non-breeder will be the responsibility of the buyer, except
that the seller will be responsible for transportation costs
in excess of the distance between the buyer’s farm and the
location where the sale took place. If the seller proves the
animal to be a br ede , it will b the obligation of the buyer
to take delivery of the animal nd pay all transportation
expenses.
7. White ski
painting o
the animal
full purch
whichever
8. If an anim
recipient)
eligible for
Angus Ass
adjustmen
option of t
return of t
9. If (i) an a
recipient)
have incor
of registrat
or (ii) the
sex represe
adjustmen
buyer’s op
the animal
10.Except as
transporta
of the buy
transporta
b yer’s far
Retention of g
1. Unless oth
buyer, the
animal (in
cl ning.
DiScLOSURE
GENETic DEFE
The seller sh
any test res lts f
reflected on an a
as are agreed upon between the seller and the buyer); (c) injury
or disease occurring after the sale; and (d) gross negligence or
willful misconduct on the part of the buyer.
3. “Safe-in-calf” females are guaranteed by the seller to have
been examined by a competent veterinarian and determined
to be in calf.
4. “Served” females are not guaranteed to be in calf.
5. “Pasture-bred” females have been exposed but are not
guaranteed to be in calf.
6. “Open” females have not been served and are guaranteed by
the seller to be without calf.
7. Donor females:
a. Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and the seller, a
female that has been used in an embryo transfer program
is not guaranteed to be a breeder after the date of the sale.
b. Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and the seller, a
female is not guaranteed to be a breeder after the date of
the sale, when that female is to be used, or attempted to
be used, in an embryo transfer program.
8. The seller makes the following guarantees with respect to
all “pregnant recipients”: (i) that the female is pregnant, (ii)
that the resulting calf is of the pedigree represented, and
(iii) that the resulting calf is of the sex represented (if so
represented).
Semen
1. Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and the seller, with
respect to the sale of semen the seller makes no guarantees
with respect to the performance or characteristics of such
semen and the buyer is purchasing such semen “as is.”
Embryos
Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and the seller, with
respect to the sale of embryos the seller makes no guarantees with
respect to the performance or characteristics of such embryos and
the buyer is purchasing such embryos “as is.”
Options and privileges of return or adjustment
1. Except as provided in paragraph 2 of this section, all claims
for adjustment or refund must be made in writing on or
before the later of (i) six months after the sale date and (ii)
the date on which the animal reaches 30 months of age.
2. All claims relating to the misrepresentation of service sire
and all claims relating to paragraphs 10 and 11 of this
section must be made in writing on or before the second
anniversary of the date of sale.
3. If an animal is claimed to be a non-breeder, the animal may
be returned to the seller if in good condition and complying
with the health requirements of the seller’s state. The seller
is entitled to six months trial following the return of the
animal in which to prove that the animal is a breeder. If at
the end of the six-month period the seller is unable to prove
the animal is a breeder, the seller must, at the option of the
buyer, replace the animal with another of equal value or
refund the purchase price. The return of the full purchase
price will be deemed full satisfaction and settlement. Any
expense incurred for transporting an animal claimed to be
a non-breeder will be the responsibility of the buyer, except
that the seller will be responsible for transportation costs
in excess of the distance between the buyer’s farm and the
location where the sale t ok place. If the seller proves the
a imal to be a breeder, it will be the obligation of the buyer
4. If a female sold as “safe in c lf” proves not t be in c lf, the
buyer may rec ive service from the bull previously used, if
vailable. If the bull is not av ilable, the seller must make
a satisfactory adjustment on the purchase p ice to the
buyer or, at the buyer’s ption, r fund the purchase price
upon return of the animal to the farm of the sell r. Any
adjustment provided for in this pa agraph will abs lve the
seller from furth r li bility, except in if such femal prov s
to be a non-breeder. If a female represent d as “saf in
calf” to a certain bull at the time of sale proves o have been
bred to a diff rent bull, the seller must make a satisfactory
adju tment on th pu chase price to th buyer or, at the
’s o tion, refu d the purchas price upon t r of
t e animal to the farm of the seller (adjustments will ot
be onsidered to b a breeding fe or an allocation o the
purchase price to any unborn calf).
5. If a female sold as “open” proves to be with calf, the buyer
m y return the animal to the farm of the seller prior to
calving for a refund of the full purchase price or for another
animal of equal value, whichever is acceptable to th buyer.
The Seller is responsible for all transportation expenses.
6. Cows with calves at their side re presumed to be breeders
with o further fertility guarantee.
7. White skin or hair must not be painted or altered. If such
painting or alteration has occurred, the buyer may return
the animal to the farm of the seller for a refund of the
full purchase price or for another animal of equal value,
whichever is acceptable to the buyer.
8. If an animal (including the offspring of a pregnant
recipient) is sold and at a later date proves not to have been
eligible for registration under the rules of the American
Angus Association, the seller must make a satisfactory
adjustment on the purchase price to the buyer, or at the
option of the buyer, refund the purchase price upon the
return of the animal to the farm of the seller.
9. If (i) an animal is sold (including the offspring of a pregnant
recipient) and through DNA-marker-typing is proven to
have incorrect parentage, as represented by the certificate
of registration, and for which parentage can be determined,
or (ii) the resulting calf of a pregnant recipient is not of the
sex represented, the seller is obligated to make a satisfactory
adjustment on the purchase price to the buyer or, at the
buyer’s option, refund the purchase price upon the return of
the animal to the farm of the seller.
10.Except as provided in paragraphs 4 and 6 of this section, all
transportation expenses incurred will be the responsibility
of the buyer, except that the seller will be responsible for
transportation costs in excess of the distance between the
buyer’s farm and the location where the sale took place.
Retention of geneticmaterial
1. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the seller and the
buyer, the seller will not retain any genetic material of any
animal (including embryos and semen) for the purpose of
cloning.
DiScLOSURE OF TESTS RESULTS FOR kNOwN
GENETic DEFEcTS AND FAcTORS
The seller shall have an affirmative duty to notify the buyer of
any test r sults for genetic defects or genetic factors not otherwise
reflected on an animal’s pedigree.
4.
5.
6.
7.
TERMS OF SALE
Bidding
1. Each animal will be sold to the highest bidder. The person
in charge will settle any disputes as to bids, and his decision
on such matters will be final.
Announcements
1. If there is any inconsistency in the terms of any sale book,
supplement sheet or day-of-sale announcement, (i) the
day-of-sale announcement will control over both the
supplement sheet and the sale book, and (ii) the supplement
sheet will control over the sale book.
Cash Sale
1. All sales are for cash unless satisfactory credit arrangements,
including any possible reservation of security interest by the
vendor, have been made with the vendor prior to sale.
Buyer’s risk
1. The risk of loss and injury of each animal passes to the
buyer as soon as it is sold; but it is the obligation of the seller
to ensure that animals are fed and cared for free of charge to
the buyer until loaded for shipment or until the expiration
of 48 hours after the sale, whichever occurs sooner.
Identification
1. The seller must ensure that each animal has a readable
permanent identification mark (e.g., tattoo, hot-iron brand
or freeze brand) corresponding to its registration.
2. The buyer must check all permanent identification marks
for accuracy.
3. In those cases where a nickname is used by the seller,
the nickname must also be accompanied by the official
registered name and number of the animal.
Certificate of registration
1. A transferred certificate of registration must be furnished by
the seller free of charge to the buyer for each animal within
45 days following the later of the date of sale and receipt of
full payment.
Artificial insemination (AI) service certificates
1. Upon the buyer’s request, AI Service Certificates must be
furnished by the seller free of charge to the buyer for all
females bred artificially to bulls not owned by the seller.
GUARANTEES
Health
1. Unless otherwise announced, the seller guarantees that all
animals are eligible for interstat shipment as r quired by
federal regulations.
Conformance with registration
1. The seller guarantees that all animals are registered under
the rules of the America Angus Associati n.
2. The seller guarantees to the buyer that all animals conform
to the registration certificate as entered in the Herd Book of
the American Angus Association.
Pedigree
1. The seller guarantees to the buyer that the pedigree,
performance data and individual genetic defect designation
of the animal, as represented in any sales materials
(including any sale book, supplement sheet or day-of-sale
announcement), is accurate.
2. The absence of any such designation on the pedigree of an
animal, in a sale book, does not establish that the animal in
question is not a carrier of any such genetic defect or genetic
factor.
3. In those cases where a commonly understood nickname is
used by the seller, the seller guarantees the pedigree of the
animal based on the commonly understood nickname.
Sex
1. Unless otherwise represented by the seller, there are no
guarantees that offspring will be of a particular sex.
Breeding guarantees
1. The seller guarantees that all bulls are breeders, but only if
such bulls are at least 12 months old at the time of sale and
have not been allowed to run with the herd until at least 14
months of age. A bull that settles a cow by natural service
and passes a fertility test made by competent veterinarians
mutually agreed upon by the buyer and the seller, during
any six-month period of trial (provided for in paragraph 2
of the section entitled “Options and privileges of return or
adjustment”) will be considered a breeder. Unless otherwise
agreed by the buyer and the seller, the seller makes no
guarantees with respect to the ability to freeze semen.
2. The seller guarantees that all animals are breeders, with the
exception of: (a) calves under 12months of age at the time of
the sale; (b) animals shown after the sale has occurred (in such
cases, the breeding guarantees, if any, will be those guarantees
UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN THESE SALE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OR ANY OTHERWRITTEN
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES RELATING TO THE SALE OF ANGUS CATTLE UNDER THESE SALE TERMS AND
CONDITIONS, SELLERMAKES NOOTHERWARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIEDWARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, EVEN IF SUCH PURPOSE IS KNOWN TO THE PARTIES.
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED IN THESE SALE TERMS AND CONDITIONS ARE THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES OF THE BUYER,
OR ANY PARTY CLAIMING THROUGH THE BUYER, ANDUNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE SELLER BE LIABLE
FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES UNDER ANY
INDEMNITY PROVISIONOR OTHERWISE.
* For voluntary consideration and use by sellers in their independent business judgment.
e Terms and Conditions
sociation • Effective February 18, 2009
The person
his decision
sale book,
t, (i) the
th the
e supplement
rrangements,
nterest by the
to sale.
s to the
n of the seller
e of charge to
e expiration
ner.
eadable
t-iron brand
on.
tion marks
seller,
e official
furnished by
imal within
d receipt of
es must be
er for all
he seller.
GUARANTEES
Health
1. Unless otherwise announc the seller guarantees that all
animals are eligible for interstate shipment as required by
federal regulations.
Conformance with reg stration
1. The seller guarantees that all animals are registered under
the rules of the American Angus Association.
2. The seller guarant es to the buyer that all animals conform
to the registration certificate as ent red in the Herd Book of
the American Angus Associa ion.
Pedigree
1. The seller guarantees to the buyer that the pedigree,
performance data and individual genetic defect designation
of the animal, as repre ented in any sales ma erials
(including any ale book, supplement sheet or day-of-s l
announce ent), is accurate.
2. The absence of any such design t on on th pedigree of an
animal, in a sale book, does not establish that the animal in
question is not a carrier of any such genetic defect or genetic
factor.
3. In those cases where a commonly understood nickna e is
used by the seller, th seller gu rantees the pedigree of the
animal based on the commonly understood nickname.
Sex
1. Unless otherwise represented by the sell r, there are no
guarantees that offspring will be of a particular sex.
Breeding guarantees
1. The seller guarantees t at all bulls are breed rs, but only if
such bulls are at lea t 12 month old at the time of sale and
have not been allowed to run with the herd until at least 14
months of age. A bull that settles a cow by natural service
and passes a fertility test made by comp tent veterinarians
mutually agreed upon by the buyer and the seller, during
any six-month period of trial (provided for in paragraph 2
of the section entitled “Options and privileges of return or
adjustment”) will be co idered a breeder. Unless otherwise
agreed by the buyer and the seller, the seller makes no
guarantees with respect to the ability to freeze sem n.
2. The seller guarantees that all animals are bre ders, with the
exception f: (a) calves under 12months of age at the tim f
the sa e; (b) animals shown after the sale has occurred (in such
THESE SALE TERMS AND CONDITION OR ANY OTHERWRITTEN
G TO THE SALE OF ANGUS CATTLE UNDER THESE SALE TERMS AND
RANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIEDWARRANTY
RTICULAR PURPOSE, EVEN IF SUCH PURPOSE IS KNOWN TO THE PARTIES.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS ARE THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES OF THE BUYER,
YER, ANDUNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE SELLER BE LIABLE
ONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES UNDER ANY
e Terms and Conditions
sociation • Effective February 18, 2009
The person
his decision
s le book,
t, (i) the
th the
e supplement
rrangements,
nterest by the
to sale.
s to th
n of the seller
e of charge to
e expiration
ner.
eadable
t-iron brand
on.
tion marks
seller,
e official
furnished by
imal within
d receipt of
GUARANTEES
Health
1. Unless otherwise announced, the seller guarantees that all
animals are eligible for interstate shipme t as required by
federal regulations.
Conform c with egistration
.
ler guar
s hat all animals a e registered under
the rules f the American Angus Association.
2. The seller guarantees to the buyer that all animals conform
to the registration certificate as entered in the Herd Book of
the America Angus Association.
Pedigree
1. The s ller guarantees to he buyer that the pedigr e,
perf rmance data and individual genetic defect designation
of t e animal, as represented in any sal s materials
(including any sale book, supplement sheet or day-of-sale
nouncement), is a curate.
2. The absence of any such designation on the pedigree of an
animal, in a sale book, does not establish that the animal in
question is not a carrier of any such genetic def ct or genetic
factor.
3. In those cases where a com only understood nickname is
used by the sell r, the seller guarantees the pedigree of the
animal based on th commonly understood nickname.
Sex
1. Unless otherwise represented by the seller, there are no
guarantees that offspring will be of a particular s x.
Breeding guarantees
1. The seller guarante s that all bulls are breeders, but only if
such bulls are at least 12 months old at the time of sale and
have not been allowed to run with t e herd until at least 14
months of age. A bull that settles a cow by natural service
and p sses a fertility test made by comp tent veterinarians
mutually agreed upon by the buyer an the seller, during
any six-month period of trial (provided for in paragraph 2
THESE SALE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OR ANY OTHERWRITTEN
G TO THE SALE OF ANGUS CATTLE UNDER THESE SALE TERMS AND
RANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIEDWARRANTY
RTICULAR PURPOSE, EVEN IF SUCH PURPOSE IS KNOWN TO THE PARTIES.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS ARE THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES OF THE BUYER,
YER, ANDUNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE SELLER BE LIABLE
ONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES UNDER ANY
e Terms and Conditions
sociation • Effective February 18, 2009
The person
his decision
sale book,
t, (i) the
th the
e supplement
rrangements,
nterest by the
to sale.
s to the
n of the seller
e of charge to
e expiration
ner.
adable
t-iron brand
on.
tion marks
seller,
ffici l
furnished by
im l within
d eceipt of
es must be
r or ll
he seller.
GUARANTEES
Health
1. Unless otherwise announced, the seller guarante s that all
animals are eligible for interstate shipment as required by
federal regulations.
Conformance with registration
1. The seller guarant es that all animals ar registered under
the rules of the American A gus Associa ion.
2. The seller guarantees to the b yer that all animals conform
to the registration cer ific e as entered in the Herd Book of
the Am ican A gu As ociation.
Pedigre
1. The seller gu rantees o the buyer that th p digree,
performance data and individual g netic defec d ignation
of the animal, as represented in any sal s materials
(including any sale book, supplement sheet o d y-of- ale
announcement), is accurate.
2. The abse ce of any such esign tion on th pedigree of an
animal, in a sale book, does not stablish th the anim l in
question is not a carrier of any such genetic d fect or gen tic
factor.
3. In those cases where a commo ly understood n ckn me is
used by the el r, the sell r guarantees the pedigree of the
animal ba ed on the commonly understood nickname.
Sex
1. U less ot erwise represented by th seller, there are no
guarantee that offspring will be of a particular sex.
Breeding guarante s
Th seller guarantees that all bulls are breeders, but ly if
s ch bulls are at least 12 months ld at the time of sale and
have not be n allowed t run with the herd until at least 14
months of age. A bull that settles a cow by natural service
d passes a fertility test made by compet nt veterinarians
mutually ag ed upon by the buyer and the seller, during
any six-month perio of trial (provid d for in par gr ph 2
of the section entitled “Options and privileges of return or
djustm nt”) wil be co sidered a breeder. Unless otherwise
agreed b the buyer a d the seller, the seller makes o
guarantees with respect to the ability to freeze semen.
2 T
anim ls are br ders, with the
ex ep ion of: (a) calves under 12months of age at the ime of
the sale; ( ) a imals shown aft r the sale has occurred (in such
cases, the breeding guaran ees, if any, will b tho e gua ant es
THESE SALE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OR ANY OTHERWRITTEN
G TO THE SALE OF ANGUS CATTLE UNDER THESE SALE TERMS AND
RANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIEDWARRANTY
RTICULAR PURPOSE, EVEN IF SUCH PURPOSE IS KNOWN TO THE PARTIES.
TERM AND CONDITIONS ARE THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES OF THE BUYER,
YER, ANDUNDER NO CIRCUMS ANCES WILL TH SELLER BE LIABLE
ONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY D MAGES UNDER ANY
independe t business judgment.
. Th e l u es o t
th
p rformanc a a an i
l ata of the animal, as
represe ted in ny sales materials (inc uding any sale book,
supplement sheet o day-of-sale an ou cement), is accurate
to he best of our knowledge.
Th s
a y u h es gn tio on th ped g f
ni a
o d e
i
ha
m
in question is not a car ier of any such g netic defect or
genetic factor.
I
l
d
d
r e e er guara ee th p di re of the
a i a b e
on y e t d n c a .
